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Journey to the Planets (Wayzata)
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Journey to the Planets (Wayzata Technology) (1994).iso
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MARS
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1479_020.BAK
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1994-03-02
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The Mars Observer spacecraft was to be the first U.S.
spacecraft to study Mars since the Viking missions 18 years
ago. However, the Mars Observer spacecraft fell silent on August 21,
1993, just 3 days prior to entering orbit around Mars, following the
pressurization of the rocket thruster fuel tanks.
Mars Observer had turned off its transmitter as a
precautionary measure to protect the transmitter tubes from shock
just before it pressurized its onboard propellant tanks on August
21, 1993. Three days later the spacecraft was due to fire its main
engines to place it in orbit around Mars.
At the end of the tank pressurization, Mars Observer was
supposed to turn its transmitter back on. Ground controllers,
however, never received a signal.
After conducting extensive analyses, the board
reported that the most probable cause of the loss of
communications with the spacecraft was a
rupture of the fuel (monomethyl hydrazine (MMH))
pressurization side of the spacecraft's propulsion system,
resulting in a pressurized leak of both helium gas and liquid
MMH under the spacecraft's thermal blanket. The gas and
liquid would most likely have leaked out from under the
blanket in an unsymmetrical manner, resulting in a net spin
rate. This high spin rate would cause the spacecraft to
enter into the "contingency mode," which interrupted the
stored command sequence and thus, did not turn the
transmitter on.